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forms of diabetes
Diabetes takes three forms—Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational. Each deserves a close look.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 occurs when the body fails to make insulin. So, it must be injected. This form of diabetes typically affects children and young adults.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 happens when the body fails to use insulin properly or cannot make enough of it. This is the most common form of diabetes. It typically is found among adults age 40 and older. Unfortunately, more children and young adults now are developing Type 2 due to rising levels of obesity. Type 2 can take years to develop, although the symptoms may seem to appear suddenly. Frequently, Type 2 patients may have had diabetes for up to 10 years before this condition is readily evident.
Risk factors for Type 2 include:
- Being age 40 and older
- Being overweight
- Belonging to certain ethnic groups, including African American, Asian American, Asian Indian, Hispanic, Native American and Pacific Islander
- Family history of diabetes
- Having had diabetes during pregnancy or delivering a baby weighing more than 9 pounds
- High blood pressure
- Low levels of HDL cholesterol, often called “good” cholesterol
- Not exercising
- Triglyceride levels above 250 mg/dL. Triglyceride levels refer to the amount of fat in the blood.
Gestational Diabetes
Besides Type 1 and 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes is another form of the condition. It appears during pregnancy. Typically, no symptoms appear. However, if they do, they may include:
- Blurred vision
- Frequent infections
- Frequent urination
- Nausea
- Thirst
- Tiredness
After delivery, gestational diabetes usually disappears. However, women who experience it often develop diabetes later in life, especially if they are overweight.
